Abstract：This study investigated the effects of cooperative learning intervention in basketball instruction on correlation of critical thinking abilities and basketball competition achievements among college students. Thirty-three college students (n=33, male n=21, female n=12, with (average)x age=19.48 years, s=0.19) (average)were enrolled college basketball class from Northern Taiwan. The basketball competition achievement data were collected through the results of team basketball competition, and during the intervention of cooperative learning from the first to the third week and the eighth to the tenth week. All participants completed the Critical Thinking Test-Level II before and after the intervention. The descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and Stepwise regression statistical methods were utilized to analyze the data. The findings of this study were indicated below. First, students with high basketball competition achievements were significantly superior to students with low basketball competition achievements in terms of critical thinking abilities. Second, there were significantly positive relationships for all students between the basketball competition achievements and critical thinking abilities. Third, the critical thinking abilities were a significant positive predictor of basketball competition achievement. By way of the intervention of cooperative learning in basketball instruction, there was a transition from no differences to significant differences between students of high and low basketball competition achievements in terms of the critical thinking abilities. Furthermore, students with higher critical thinking abilities also had better basketball competition achievements. (Full text)