Abstract：The aims of this study were: (1) to develop an elite athlete's injury risk factor questionnaire (Risk-IQ) and to investigate its reliability in a pilot study. (2) to analyze translation reliability and construct validity of the Risk- IQ for two languages. (3) to assess test-retest reliability of the Risk-IQ. The first draft of the pilot study started with a draft Risk-IQ only on German sport students (n=46). Next, the four hundred and six items of the Risk-IQ were translated by four bilingual German/Chinese (Taiwan) professional translators in an 8-step forward-backward translation, and then tested for the following translation and test-retest reliability. The reliability results were assessed with college level sport students (n=63) before the main study for German and Taiwanese elite athletes (n=335). Descriptive statistics, intraclass-correlation-coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation coefficient (rho) for non-parametric tests were performed. Cronbach's alpha and Factor analysis evaluated for internal consistency and construct validity. The results indicated that the main outcomes derived from translation reliability and test-retest study were ICC: difficulty-forward=0.82, difficulty-backward=0.75; quality-(concept)-forward=0.74, quality-(concept)-backward=0.73; quality-(clarity)-forward=0.76, quality-(clarity)-backward=0.70; quality- (linguistics)-forward = 0.71, quality-(linguistics)-backward=0.59. A correlation coefficient of 0.97 was reached in bidirectional-translations. Leading to a combined forward-backward translation reliability correlation coefficient=0.86. The results further showed that test-retest reliability of both German and Chinese versions were of moderate to excellent levels (German-rho=0.70 ~ 0.94; Taiwan-rho=0.68 ~ 0.92). In addition, good internal consistency in the Risk-IQ main study was found with Cronbach's alpha ranging from .76 to .96. These findings conclude that Risk-IQ's German-Chinese bilingual, bi-directional translation reliability, test-retest reliability and construct validity reached good to excellent level. (Full text)