Abstract：Ryff and Keyes developed the 18-item short form of the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) in 1995. It has been an important instrument in the research of the features of positive psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PWBS-short form for athletes by Ryff and Keyes. This study was divided into 3 phases. The first phase used the 18-item short form PWB as a blueprint to develop a Chinese version and to comply with reverse questions. In the second phase, confirmatory factor analysis and criterion related to validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, and average variance extracted were provided. The third phase was to verify the invariance of a measurement using 567 valid questionnaires. The main statistics were confirmatory factor analysis and multiple correlation analysis. Results showed that after exploratory factor analysis in the first phase, the scale included 6 factors in 18 items: autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose of life, self-acceptance, positive relationship with others, and personal growth. Through the comparison of competitive models, this study found that the second-order 6 factors in 18 items were more suitable for model fits in the second phase. The results showed that this scale was facilitated with acceptable convergent validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, average variance, and criterion related validity. The results of the third phase showed that it has cross-sample and split-half sample measurement invariance. We conclude that the Chinese version of PWBS-short form for athletes by Ryff and Keyes is a good measuring instrument with reliability and validity through the examination, which is suitable for measuring the features of psychological well-being among athletes. (Full text)