Abstract：The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in health-related fitness (HRF) of college freshmen from various academic disciplines academies and the proportion of drop-behind students. We extracted HRF data from 2,209 college freshmen and used the descriptive secondary data analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) were employed to analyze the HRF level and proportion of drop-behind students from various academies. The results showed that the cardiorespiratory fitness had the lowest average HRF level and a drop-behind proportion of 52.4%. Among the students, females from the humanities and social sciences, and the creative design disciplines were much lower with ORs of 2.40 and 1.87 times, respectively compared with the students from medical and health disciplines. Among various academic disciplines, the average HRF level of muscular strength and endurance was significantly lower in both male and female students from the humanities and social sciences academy, with drop-behind proportions between 50.2% to 58.7% and ORs between 2.11 to 2.50 times. The average HRF level of flexibility of male freshmen from humanities and social sciences academy was not significantly different from the other academies, with a drop-behind proportion of 69.6% and an OR of 2.20 times. The average HRF level of flexibility of female students from management academic discipline was significantly lower with a 51.1% drop-behind proportion and an OR of 1.55 times. The average HRF level of explosive strength of those in the creative design academy was not significantly different from the other academies, with a drop-behind proportion of 51.0% and an OR of 1.48 times. Conclusively, there was a significant difference in HRF levels of freshmen from various academic disciplines. The difference mainly resulted from the muscular fitness, especially of female students. It is suggested that the physical education curriculum planning could utilize the HRF drop-behind proportion to understand the academy characteristics and health risks, and to select appropriate health promotion activities to achieve the goal of balanced development. (Full text)